Cats can experience stress just like humans do. In fact, there are many potential sources of stress for our feline friends – changes in environment or routine, introductions to new people or animals, loud noises, and more. When cats become stressed, they may exhibit anxious behaviors like aggression, hiding, loss of appetite, or excessive grooming. As cat owners, we want to do everything we can to help our pets feel relaxed and comfortable. This leads many to wonder: can catnip help relieve stress in cats?
What is catnip?
Catnip is a plant belonging to the mint family. It contains a chemical compound called nepetalactone which is known to have pleasurable and stimulating effects on cats. When cats smell or eat catnip, the nepetalactone binds to olfactory receptors in their nose and stimulates a response in their brain that causes euphoric feelings. This stimulates playful behavior like rolling around, pouncing, and running. Catnip does not have the same effect on humans or other animals like dogs. The sensitivity to catnip appears to be an inherited genetic trait – about 50-70% of cats are responsive to it.
How does catnip work?
Experts believe catnip works through mimicking feline pheromones and stimulating the brain’s pleasure and reward centers. When a cat encounters catnip, the nepetalactone enters the nostrils and binds to olfactory receptors. This sends signals to the amygdala and other parts of the brain that regulate emotions and drives. Endorphins are released, making the cat feel happy and content. Additional research has shown catnip activates opioid receptors involved in pleasure, enjoyment, and mood regulation. All of these actions of catnip on the brain translate into the giddy, blissful behaviors cats display after exposure.
Can catnip relieve stress?
Now that we understand how catnip affects cats’ brains and behaviors, the question remains – can it help relieve stress? There is some scientific evidence that catnip may have anti-anxiety properties. Studies show nepetalactone binds to CB1 receptors, which are involved in regulating stress response. One study found that rats showed decreased anxiety behaviors when given catnip extract. The researchers believe catnip may act as a natural anxiolytic (anti-anxiety agent).
Anecdotal reports from pet owners also indicate catnip helps induce a relaxed, calm state in stressed cats. When given catnip, anxious cats are often seen lying down comfortably, softly purring and slowing their breathing. The playful response dissipates and is replaced by serenity. These effects can last for 30-60 minutes after catnip exposure before the cat returns to normal. So while catnip may not be a cure for ongoing anxiety in cats, it appears it may temporarily alleviate stress and promote relaxation.
Using catnip for a stressed cat
If you have a cat experiencing stress or anxiety, trying catnip may help provide some relief. Here are some tips for using catnip to help relax your cat:
– Offer dried catnip by sprinkling a pinch on the floor or adding some to a paper bag for the cat to rub against and sniff. You can also put a bit in a small bowl. Let your cat interact with the catnip for 5-10 minutes.
– Use catnip sprays designed to be sprinkled on toys. Apply a light misting to a toy and give it to your cat to play and roll around with. The smell provides the relaxing effect.
– Grow catnip plants and place them in an area your cat frequents. Let them rub and chew on the fresh plants. This provides mental stimulation too.
– Look for catnip supplements like anti-anxiety calming chews or treats. Follow package directions for dosage and timing.
– Try catnip-infused toys like stuffed animals. These provide longer exposure as the cat plays and cuddles with the toy.
– Use catnip sparingly, not regularly. It can lose its effectiveness if given daily. Save it for times of predicted stress.
– Never force your cat to use catnip if they seem disinterested. About 30% of cats are not responsive.
Other calming options
While catnip may be helpful for some stressed cats, it does not work for every cat. There are also additional ways you can help relax and calm your anxious feline in conjunction with using catnip:
– Pheromone diffusers/sprays use synthetic pheromones to induce relaxation and reduce stress behaviors. Popular brands include Feliway and ComfortZone.
– Enrich the environment with scratching posts, cat trees, puzzles, and toys to increase physical and mental activity.
– Cats enjoy routine. Develop a predictable schedule for feeding, play, and interactions.
– Limit changes and gradual introduce new things like guests or furniture.
– Provide safe hiding places and high perches for your cat to observe the room.
– Use calming aromatherapy like lavender or chamomile. Diffuse in your cat’s room or put a few drops on their bedding.
– Try calming supplements like Zylkene or Solliquin which use milk proteins to induce relaxation. Consult your vet.
– In some cases, prescription anti-anxiety medication may be necessary for severe stress and anxiety. Talk to your veterinarian.
When to see the vet
While you can try calming techniques like catnip at home, contact your vet if your cat’s anxiety or stress seems extreme or persistent. Some signs your cat may need medical attention for their stress:
– Ongoing hiding and unwillingness to socialize
– Aggression like biting or scratching
– Loss of housetraining abilities
– Destructive behaviors like chewing, scratching furniture
– Excessive grooming to the point of removing fur
– Not using the litter box for urinating or defecating
– Loss of appetite and weight loss
– Vomiting or diarrhea
Your veterinarian can help identify if there is an underlying medical condition contributing to anxiety. They can also suggest medication, pheromone therapy, or environmental changes to help reduce your cat’s stress and improve their quality of life. Getting professional advice is key for severe feline anxiety.
The bottom line
In summary, catnip appears to have relaxing, anti-anxiety properties and can temporarily relieve stress for many cats. Using catnip toys, treats, or spray can help create a calming environment and chill out a stressed cat. Along with other techniques like pheromone diffusers and routine, catnip may provide some relief during anxious times. However, catnip is not a cure-all, and excessive anxiety requires veterinary guidance. But for mild stress, catnip is an accessible, natural way to help your feline friend relax and feel more at ease. A sprinkle of the magical herb may be just what an on-edge cat needs to soothe their nerves.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much catnip should I give my cat?
It’s best to start with a small amount of catnip, such as a pinch or a few leaves. Give your cat a few minutes to respond and see if they want more. An average cat can safely have around 1-2 teaspoons of catnip per day. Avoid overindulging your cat, as catnip loses its effectiveness with too frequent use.
Will catnip work the first time I give it to my cat?
Not always. Many cats need to be exposed to catnip several times before displaying a response. Kittens under six months old rarely react to catnip. The cat’s genetics also play a role. Around 30% of cats inherit genes making them immune to catnip’s effects.
Should I give my cat dried or fresh catnip?
Most cats respond better to dried catnip rather than fresh. Drying concentrates the volatile oils like nepetalactone, making the catnip more potent. You can grow and dry catnip at home. Simply hang branches upside down until the leaves are crispy and brittle. Then crush the leaves between your fingers and store in an airtight container.
Are catnip toys safe?
Yes, catnip-filled toys are safe for cats to play with as long as they are used under supervision. Make sure any toy is too large to be swallowed to prevent choking hazards. Do not give toys containing feathers, strings, or other pieces that can detach and be ingested. Stuffed catnip toys should be durable and well-sewn.
Can I use catnip oil on my cat?
Pure catnip essential oil should always be diluted before use on cats. A concentration of 1% oil to 99% carrier oil is recommended. Good carrier oils include olive, coconut, or almond oils. Apply the diluted oil sparingly by rubbing it on toys or bedding. Never apply undiluted catnip oil directly on your cat’s fur or skin.
