The number of water molecules in a polypeptide chain depends on the number of amino acids in the chain. Since each amino acid molecule donates one molecule of water in the formation of a peptide bond, the total number of water molecules correspond to the number of peptide bonds formed.
As such, for a polypeptide chain of n amino acids, there will be (n-1) molecules of water. For example, in a polypeptide chain with 10 amino acids, there will be 9 molecules of water.
How many water molecules are produced of 10 amino acids are linked together?
If 10 amino acids are linked together, then the number of water molecules produced will depend on the type of linkage in which they are connected. If they are linked together through peptide bonds, then 1 water molecule will be produced per each linkage.
Therefore, if 10 amino acids are linked together, 10 water molecules would be produced. However, if the amino acids are linked together using disulfide bonds, then no water molecules will be produced.
How many molecules of water are used to completely hydrolyze a polypeptide chain with 100 amino acids long?
The number of molecules of water that are used to completely hydrolyze a polypeptide chain with 100 amino acids will depend on the type of polypeptide bond that is being broken. Generally, cleavage of both the amide bonds in a polypeptide chain are facilitated by the reaction with a molecule of water, and in the case of a polypeptide of 100 amino acids long, it would typically require 200 molecules of water for complete hydrolysis of the peptide bonds.
How do you find the number of water molecules?
The number of water molecules can depend on the size of the container they are in. If you simply want to know the number of individual water molecules, it is helpful to think of water molecules as “constituents” of water.
According to the law of conservation of mass and energy, the total number of water molecules is equal to the sum of the number of water molecules that were initially present plus the number of water molecules produced over the course of a reaction.
This means that to find the number of water molecules, we need to find the total amount of water present. This can be done by weighing out the water and using stoichiometry to calculate the number of water molecules.
This can be tricky, as the mass of individual water molecules is very small. One way to approach this is to calculate the moles of water based on the amount of water present (using the equation: moles = mass/molar mass of water).
Then, you can use Avogadro’s Constant (6. 022 x 10^23) to calculate the number of water molecules present.
If you do not have the above information, another way to find the number of water molecules present is to use a spectroscopy technique to measure the number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms present in a sample of water.
Given that water is composed of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom, then you could use the number of hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms present to make an estimate of the total number of water molecules.
In any case, the important thing to keep in mind is that the number of water molecules present is always equal to the sum of the number of water molecules initially present plus the number of water molecules produced over the course of a reaction.
What amino acids are in water?
Water does not contain any amino acids, as it is not a protein. Additionally, amino acids are organic molecules and do not dissolve in water. The structure of an amino acid is made of a central carbon atom (called the alpha carbon) bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and a side chain.
Amino acids must be bonded to other molecules in order to form a protein, and water does not contain the necessary bonds for this to occur.
What is the structure of a polypeptide chain?
A polypeptide chain is a long, unbranched chain of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds. The structure of the polypeptide chain is determined by the sequence of amino acids, which is determined by a corresponding sequence of codons in the DNA of the organism from which the polypeptide is made.
The basic structure of the polypeptide is a polypeptide backbone which consists of repeating peptide bonds and the amino acids themselves. These polypeptide backbones give polypeptides their conformations, which are specific to each polypeptide.
The backbone of a polypeptide chain is composed of alternating carbonyl and amino groups, with a peptide bond between them. The carbonyl carbon of one amino acid is covalently bonded to the amino nitrogen of the next amino acid, forming the main structural feature of the polypeptide.
This repeating sequence of an amino acid and its associated peptide bond create the linear shape of the polypeptide chain.
The order of the amino acids affects the three-dimensional shape and conformation of a polypeptide chain. A polypeptide folding in a way that maximizes the number of hydrogen bonds between amino acids which are close together leads to a tertiary structure, or the overall shape of the peptide chain.
Variations in the tertiary structure, created by intra-chain hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, electrostatic forces, and hydrophobic forces, all come together to form the quaternary structure. This quaternary structure combines several polypeptide chains together to form larger and more complex proteins, allowing for a vast range of biological functions.
In summary, the structure of a polypeptide chain is determined by the sequence of amino acids, which form the backbone of the chain, and the forces between them, which give the protein its tertiary and quaternary shapes.
Are there 20 or 3 different amino acids?
No, there are actually 20 standard amino acids that are found in most proteins. These 20 amino acids are essential for life as they form the basis for cellular structure and genetic information. In addition, there are about 3 additional amino acids that have been identified, but their presence is not essential for living cells.
These three amino acids are not typically incorporated into proteins but can become part of the structure of certain proteins.
Why are there 20 amino acids and not 64?
The number of amino acids which make up DNA is integral to life. However, there isn’t actually any set number as to why there are 20 amino acids that make up DNA rather than 64. While scientists are still yet to fully understand why there are 20 and not 61, it is thought to revolve around several possible explanations.
One hypothesis suggests that the 20 amino acids are the most likely to exist in a biologically active form. Considering the number of molecules and atoms that need to come together to form these compounds, the chance of more complex acids existing is small.
Another suggestion as to why 20 is the number of acids used is that these particular compounds are the most likely to interact with one another, enabling them to form proteins.
The most likely explanation, however, is the idea that 20 is the optimal number for genetic coding. Having 20 amino acids allows for the nucleic acids to recognize different sequences in the genetic code, with combinations of three nucleotides encoding for one amino acid.
This allows for efficient coding of the DNA sequence and permits a greater genetic variability between species than would be possible with fewer amino acids.
The theory that 20 is the optimal number of amino acids for genetic coding also has some explanations in real-world contexts. For example, in humans, the same number of amino acids are found in both the nervous and immune systems.
This suggests that the same number of acids are necessary for both systems to function.
In conclusion, there are many theories as to why there are 20 amino acids and not 64. The most likely cause is that having 20 amino acids allows for an efficient coding of the genetic code and a greater genetic variability between species.
This number is also found in both the nervous and immune systems, suggesting that 20 is the number of acids needed for both to function.
Why do amino acids have 64 and 20 codes?
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which are important in maintaining and regulating many bodily functions. As such, they need to be accurately sorted and identified in order to properly form functional proteins.
In total, there are 20 different amino acids, however, some of them share common characteristics. To differentiate between the different amino acids, scientists have developed a system of 64 codes with 20 letter combinations.
Each letter combination corresponds to an individual amino acid and helps scientists correctly assign proteins to the proper structures. For example, the combination “Tyr” corresponds to the amino acid tyrosine, and the combination “Arg” corresponds to the amino acid arginine.
Furthermore, this code is also used to reinforce our understanding of genetics and heredity, since it corresponds directly to the genetic information found within the codons of DNA molecules. This code is known as the genetic code, and it is essential for the proper development and functioning of living organisms.
How many number of water molecules are removed from the 10 amino acids during the formation of peptide bond?
During the formation of a peptide bond, 2 water molecules are removed from the 10 amino acid molecules involved in the process. This is known as a dehydration reaction, which occurs when 2 molecules combine and remove water as a byproduct.
The 2 molecules involved in the peptide bond formation share electrons and form a covalent bond, which holds the peptide chain together. In other words, the 2 molecules are linked together through a single covalent bond (Peptide bond).
Furthermore, when the peptide bond is formed, the two hydrogen atoms that were removed to create the peptide bond are replaced by a pair of electrons, each taken from one of the two amino acid molecules.
This prevents the two amino acids from separating again.
How many hydrogen bonding are there in a 10 molecule of water?
Each water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, resulting in a total of 20 hydrogen atoms and 10 oxygen atoms in 10 molecules of water. Through covalent bonds, each hydrogen atom is covalently bound to the oxygen atom.
Additionally, since oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen, the oxygen atom exerts a slightly stronger pull on the shared electrons, giving the oxygen atom a partial negative charge and the hydrogen atoms partial positive charge.
Because of this, hydrogen atoms in different water molecules are attracted to each other, forming hydrogen bonds. In 10 molecules of water, there would be a total of 10 hydrogen bonds, with each hydrogen atom in the water molecules being involved in two distinct hydrogen bonds.
What is holding two H2O molecules together?
The two H2O molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are formed when a hydrogen atom linked to a highly electronegative atom (such as oxygen in the case of H2O) is attracted to another highly electronegative atom.
In the case of the two H2O molecules, the hydrogen atom is attracted to the oxygen atoms of the neighboring molecules and held in place by the electrostatic force of attraction. This attraction is weaker than a covalent bond, but is still strong enough to cause the two molecules to be held close together.
How many combinations of 10 amino acids are there?
There are 10410 possible combinations of 10 amino acids. This is because amino acids can be arranged in a number of different ways, depending on the sequence. Generally speaking, each amino acid can be combined with four other amino acids, and each combination can itself be combined and rearranged in an infinite number of ways.
In addition, proteins can also be made up of repeating sequences of amino acids. As such, the total number of combinations of 10 amino acids is almost limitless.
How many molecules of water are needed to breakdown a polymer of 10 monomers?
In order to answer this question, it is necessary to understand a few concepts of organic chemistry and polymer chemistry. Polymers are formed when monomers react together via condensation polymerization to join two monomer units together.
This will form a polymer and the number of monomer units in a polymer can range from two up to tens or even hundreds of thousands of monomer units.
When a polymer is broken down, or depolymerized, these monomer units must be recombined. This process of depolymerization is known as hydrolysis. During this process, a molecule of water is needed for each monomer unit in the polymer to be broken back down into monomer units.
In this case, we have a polymer of 10 monomer units. This means that 10 molecules of water will be needed to breakdown, or depolymerize, this polymer into its individual monomer units.
What happens when 2 amino acids are joined together?
When two amino acids are joined together they form a peptide bond. This bond is formed through a process called dehydration synthesis, which involves a dehydration reaction in which a molecule of water is released and the two amino acids are covalently bonded together.
The amino acids are linked together in a straight line and this creates a polypeptide. Polypeptides are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are composed of one or more polypeptides and are the primary structures responsible for a wide range of biological functions.
Proteins are highly organized structures, which is why polypeptides vary in size from just a few amino acids to thousands of amino acids. In addition to acting as a structural framework, proteins can act as enzymes, hormones, and other signaling molecules.
The order in which amino acids are linked during assembly of a polypeptide is determined by the genetic code. Specifically, the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid) determines the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide, a process known as protein synthesis.
