A bad or failing wheel bearing can make a variety of noises when driving. Identifying the exact sound and when it happens can help pinpoint the problem. Let’s explore the most common sounds and symptoms of a bad wheel bearing so you know what to listen for.
Grinding, Scraping or Scrubbing Sounds
One of the most common sounds a bad wheel bearing makes is a grinding, scraping or scrubbing noise. This may happen when turning corners or going around curves. The volume of the noise will usually increase as vehicle speed increases. A grinding wheel bearing noise could indicate the bearing is completely damaged or worn and coming apart. Replace the bearing as soon as possible if you hear this type of noise.
Humming, Rumbling or Growling
A constant humming, rumbling or growling noise while driving can be caused by a bad wheel bearing. This noise is usually heard at all driving speeds. It may get louder at higher speeds. Many describe this noise as the sound tires make on a wet pavement. A rumbling or humming wheel bearing noise indicates the bearing is starting to fail or coming loose internally.
Knocking, Clicking or Popping
Intermittent knocking, clicking or popping noises when cornering can also be caused by a bad wheel bearing. This noise is especially noticeable when turning or going around corners. These types of wheel bearing noises indicate internal damage or wear. Replace the bearing as soon as possible to prevent catastrophic failure and more extensive repairs.
When Does the Noise Occur?
Paying attention to when the noise occurs can help identify wheel bearing issues:
- Noise when turning – Bad wheel bearings often make noises when turning because the weight of the vehicle shifts. Listen for noises when turning right and left.
- Noise when cornering – Similar to turning, noise from a bad bearing may become more pronounced when cornering or going around curves. The bearing is under greater load which can bring out noises.
- Noise at all speeds – Humming, rumbling and roaring noises will be present at all driving speeds if caused by a wheel bearing.
- Noise increases with speed – Scraping, scrubbing and growling noises tend to get louder as vehicle speed increases if from a bad wheel bearing.
- Noise when accelerating – Accelerating applies more load on the bearings which can bring out humming, rumbling or roaring noises.
- Noise when braking – A bad wheel bearing can make scraping, scrubbing or grinding noises when the brakes are applied and load increases on the hub assembly.
What Wheel Does the Noise Come From?
Identifying which wheel the noise is coming from makes diagnosing a bad wheel bearing quicker. Here are some tips for determining which wheel has the bad bearing:
- Test drive – Drive the vehicle and listen closely. Noise will usually be loudest near the bad bearing. Pay attention to noise changes when turning left or right.
- Turn off engine – With the vehicle stopped, turn off the engine. Spin each wheel slowly by hand feeling for roughness. The bad bearing will feel gritty or rough when spinning.
- Jack up vehicle – Safely jack up the front or rear of the vehicle so the wheel with the suspected bad bearing is off the ground. Spin the wheel by hand feeling for roughness. Repeat for the other wheels.
- Use mechanics stethoscope – Use a mechanics stethoscope to pinpoint exactly which wheel hub assembly is making noise. This can isolate a bad wheel bearing.
Other Sounds and Symptoms
In addition to various noises, there are some other signs of a bad wheel bearing:
- Wheel wobble – A bad wheel bearing can cause wheel wobble when driving. This may be felt in the steering wheel and seen by an observant driver or passenger.
- Wheel vibration – Wheel vibration is another symptom of worn out or damaged wheel bearings. Vibration may increase as vehicle speed increases.
- Abnormal tire wear – A bad wheel bearing can cause uneven or abnormal tire wear. This usually shows up as feathering or wearing on the tire tread.
- Vehicle pulling – A failed wheel bearing can cause the vehicle to pull strongly to one side. This will usually require constant steering correction to keep going straight.
Causes of a Bad Wheel Bearing
There are a few common causes of premature wheel bearing failure and noise:
- Normal wear – Wheel bearings are wear components and will eventually fail through normal use. Higher mileage vehicles are more prone to wheel bearing failure.
- Lack of lubrication – Insufficient or contaminated lubrication accelerates bearing wear. Seals should be replaced when packing wheel bearings.
- Excessive load – Carrying heavy loads, towing trailers and frequent hard cornering puts more stress on wheel bearings leading to early failure.
- Impact damage – Hitting curbs, potholes or debris can damage a wheel bearing causing noise and premature failure. The impact may deform or misalign the bearing.
- Incorrect installation – Wheel bearings must be installed precisely to the manufacturer’s torque specs. Over or under tightened bearings will wear faster.
Replacing a Bad Wheel Bearing
It’s highly recommended to replace a bad or failing wheel bearing as soon as possible to prevent extensive damage. Here are some wheel bearing replacement tips:
- Inspect related components – When replacing a wheel bearing, inspect the axle, hub assembly, seals, brake components and tire. Damage to related parts may have contributed to failure.
- Use a torque wrench – Always tighten the wheel bearing to manufacturer torque specifications using a reliable torque wrench.
- Replace in pairs – Most experts recommend replacing wheel bearings in pairs on the same axle. If one bearing is bad, the other is likely worn as well.
- Use high-quality parts – Factory OEM wheel bearings are recommended. Aftermarket bearings vary widely in quality – avoid the cheapest options.
- Break-in period – Drive the first 500-1000 miles cautiously after installing new wheel bearings. Avoid hard cornering and maximum loads during break-in.
Preventing Premature Wheel Bearing Failure
You can help prevent premature wheel bearing wear and extend bearing life by:
- Regularly inspecting bearings for wear and damage during tire rotation and brake service
- Avoiding potholes, curbs and debris which can damage a bearing through impact
- Keeping loads and towing within vehicle limits to reduce stress
- Aligning wheels/tires to specification to prevent uneven wear
- Lubricating bearings at recommended service intervals
When to Replace a Bad Wheel Bearing
Here are some general guidelines for when to replace a wheel bearing that is making noise or showing signs of failure:
- Loud grinding or scraping noises – Repair immediately as the bearing is severely damaged
- Constant humming or roaring noise – Schedule repair soon to prevent more damage
- Intermittent clicks, pops or knocking – Schedule repair to address wear before catastrophic failure
- Severe wheel wobble – Bearing damage is likely causing wobble so have repaired soon
- Uneven tire wear – Inspect wheel bearings and replace any that are worn
Even if noises come and go, any symptomatic wheel bearing needs to be inspected and replaced. The bearing is worn internally and further deterioration can lead to serious safety hazards.
Conclusion
Catching the signs of a bad wheel bearing early and replacing it quickly is critical to prevent extensive repairs. Pay attention to any new humming, scraping, rumbling or clicking noises from the wheels when driving. Compare both sides and pinpoint the problematic bearing. Let an experienced mechanic inspect and replace any wheel bearing making noise or showing signs of wear. This will restore a smooth and quiet ride.