A failing transmission can be a major issue for any vehicle owner. Transmission problems lead to expensive repairs and can make a vehicle undrivable. Knowing the signs of transmission trouble can help drivers address problems early before they lead to a breakdown. This guide will cover the common symptoms that indicate transmission problems.
Strange Noises
One of the first signs of transmission problems is strange noises coming from underneath the vehicle. As the various components that make up the transmission deteriorate, they can begin to make unusual sounds.
Grinding or clunking noises point to issues with the gears or input shaft. This sound usually occurs when shifting gears. Worn gears can cause a whining noise as the transmission spins. A high-pitched whine specifically can indicate low fluid levels allowing the pump that circulates fluid to essentially run dry and grind components together.
Humming or buzzing from the transmission is usually due to worn bearings that are allowing components to rub or vibrate. A ringing noise could stem from a damaged planetary gear system. This part contains many small gears that can wear out and then spin freely causing a ringing sound.
Any strange noises coming from the transmission should be inspected immediately by a mechanic. The sounds indicate that some components are worn or damaged and will likely lead to transmission failure if not addressed.
Difficulty or Delay Shifting Gears
Another sign of issues with a transmission is problems with shifting gears. You may notice the vehicle seems to resist or struggle when shifting into a new gear. Sometimes the transmission will make the shift but only after a delay that makes the vehicle feel sluggish and unresponsive.
Hard shifting typically stems from low transmission fluid. The fluid both lubricates and hydraulically operates the various components. If levels fall, the transmission can have trouble smoothly engaging new gears. Low fluid can be caused by leaks or neglecting regular fluid changes.
The transmission may also seem to get stuck in one gear and be unwilling to shift up or down. This points to problems inside the transmission itself. Worn parts prevent smooth operation and the ability to transition between different gears.
Delayed or difficult shifting indicates the performance of the transmission is compromised. Continuing to drive the vehicle will likely exacerbate the issue and lead to more wear and damage.
Burning Smell
Transmission fluid not only lubricates the components but keeps them cool. When the fluid falls below proper levels or becomes excessively dirty and contaminated, the transmission can overheat. The smell of burnt oil or smoke coming from the engine bay can be signs the transmission is running hot.
Low fluid levels or leaks again are the most likely cause of overheating issues. The lack of adequate fluid allows the metallic transmission components to grind and friction to build up. Dirty, old fluid also loses its ability to properly cool the system.
Burnt transmission fluid has a very distinct odor you’ll notice when you open the hood. If you smell something off, have the fluid level and condition checked immediately. Running hot can quickly damage seals, gears, shafts, and other parts.
Leaking Fluid
One of the most obvious signs of trouble is transmission fluid leaking from the vehicle. Take time to inspect the ground underneath where your car is regularly parked. Look for any red or brown spots or drips – the telltale signs of transmission fluid leaks.
A transmission has multiple seals, gaskets, and connections that can become worn or cracked over time. If any of these develop leaks, they will release the vital fluid the transmission needs to operate. Low fluid levels can cause all kinds of problems as detailed above.
Even a small leak can become serious if left unattended. Any evidence of leaking transmission fluid warrants a service inspection. A mechanic can determine the origin of the leak and replace worn parts like seals if needed.
Transmission Slipping
Transmission slipping represents one of the most serious issues you can encounter. It occurs when the transmission fails to fully engage a gear and make the shift. You may feel a lack of power as you try to accelerate. The vehicle may feel like it winds up but doesn’t pick up speed the way it should.
Slipping usually starts gradually but worsens over time. When you press the gas, the engine will rev up to high rpm but this doesn’t translate to forward motion. You’ll notice choppy performance and surging as you drive.
Worn clutches are usually the root of transmission slipping. The clutch plates designed to engage different gears lose their friction and can’t make solid contact. Low fluid and leaks can exacerbate the issue. Any signs of slipping warrant prompt transmission inspection and repairs.
Check Engine Light
Your check engine light provides an early warning of countless issues that can develop in your vehicle. Transmission problems are no exception. On modern vehicles, the transmission control module can detect issues and trigger the check engine light to turn on.
Problems with solenoids, speed sensors, and other electronic transmission components will activate an error code. The check engine light alerts you to have the vehicle diagnosed and serviced. This can identify problems before they turn into major mechanical issues.
Always pay attention to your check engine light no matter how minor your vehicle seems to be running. It’s your best early detection system for problems of all kinds. When it illuminates, have the codes scanned and inspected by a professional as soon as possible.
Abnormal Fluid Color
Transmission fluid should have a clear reddish-pink hue when it is in good condition. If the color looks off when you pull the dipstick, it can be an indication of trouble brewing in the transmission.
Dark brown or black fluid indicates the fluid has been contaminated with bits of metal shavings or rubber. This is often the result of worn gears, bands, seals, and clutches that are starting to deteriorate. Parts are grinding together and releasing debris into the fluid.
Gray or milky colored fluid points to contamination by coolant and water. A transmission leak may be allowing these fluids to mix together, drastically reducing the lubricating properties of the transmission fluid.
Any change in the expected color of transmission fluid means service is required. Have the system inspected and fluid replaced to try and limit damage to internal components.
Conclusion
The transmission is a complex component that can develop many issues over time and hundreds of thousands of miles. Paying attention to symptoms like noises, shifting problems, leaks, and smells can help you have problems corrected before catastrophic transmission failure occurs.
Taking care of regular service like fluid and filter changes gives a transmission its best chance at a long life. But even well-maintained transmissions eventually wear out as vehicles age. Learning to identify the signs of trouble provides the opportunity to avoid being stranded when your transmission finally gives out.
If you notice any of the warning signs in this article, have your vehicle inspected and repaired by a trusted mechanic. Addressing problems early is much more affordable than waiting for complete transmission failure. Your transmission is one component you want to keep running smoothly to retain the utility, safety, and value of your vehicle.
Here are some key points to remember about signs of transmission problems:
- Strange noises like grinding or whining
- Difficulty shifting gears or delay shifting
- Burnt smell and overheating
- Leaking fluid
- Transmission slipping
- Check engine light illuminated
- Abnormal fluid color on the dipstick
Being attentive to potential transmission issues can help you avoid costly repairs and breakdowns. Learn the warning signs and have your vehicle serviced at the first hint of transmission trouble.
| Symptom | Possible Causes |
|---|---|
| Noise from transmission | Worn or damaged gears, input shaft, bearings, or planetary gears |
| Delayed or difficult shifting | Low fluid, worn clutch packs or bands |
| Burning smell | Low fluid, leaks, contaminated fluid |
| Visible leaking fluid | Cracked seals or gaskets |
| Transmission slipping | Worn clutch plates |
| Check engine light | Solenoid or sensor issues |
| Abnormal fluid color | Contaminated fluid, coolant mixing with fluid |
This table summarizes some of the common signs of transmission problems, the symptoms drivers may notice, and what could potentially be causing the issues. Being familiar with these warning signs allows quick action to diagnose and repair any emerging problems.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the most common signs my transmission may be starting to fail?
The most common signs of impending transmission failure include slipping between gears, difficulty or delay shifting, strange noises coming from the transmission, burnt fluid smell, and leaking fluid.
How long can I drive with transmission problems?
You should not drive for long with any noticeable transmission problems. Driving with issues like slipping or grinding can dramatically worsen the problems. Have the vehicle inspected as soon as possible.
Is it safe to just add transmission fluid if it is low?
Do not just add fluid if you notice the level is low. This likely indicates a leak that needs to be repaired. Adding fluid without addressing the cause of the leak could damage the transmission.
Does the check engine light come on for transmission issues?
Yes, the check engine light can activate for transmission problems like solenoid failure, sensor malfunctions, and other issues detected by the transmission control module.
How much does it cost to repair a failing transmission?
Transmission repairs can range from a few hundred dollars for minor part replacements to over $2000 for complete overhauls or replacements. The cost depends on the extent of the damage.
Preventing Transmission Problems
While transmissions are designed to last many years and miles, you can take steps to optimize their longevity and prevent some common issues:
- Change the transmission fluid and filter based on manufacturer service intervals. New, clean fluid prevents wear and overheating.
- Immediately investigate any new noises, slips, or shifts in performance to address problems early.
- Have any fluid leaks repaired to prevent low fluid levels that damage the transmission.
- Consider installing an auxiliary transmission cooler to manage heat in hot climates or for heavy towing.
- Drive conservatively and avoid aggressive jackrabbit starts and stops which strain the transmission.
Stay vigilant for any signs of transmission trouble and service your vehicle regularly to maximize the lifespan of this critical powertrain component.
Conclusion
A failing transmission can turn an otherwise reliable vehicle into an undriveable money pit. Catching problems early is critical to avoid breakdowns and expensive repairs. By recognizing symptoms like slipping, strange noises, low fluid, and trouble shifting, you can address issues before the transmission fails completely.
Pay attention to your vehicle and monitor for any signs of trouble. If you notice anything out of the ordinary with your transmission, bring it to a shop for inspection right away. With prompt diagnosis, many repairs can be minimized. But ignoring warning signs inevitably leads to more extensive and costly damage down the road.
While a transmission problem can sneak up on you, being proactive about service and aware of issues can help your vehicle’s transmission deliver many reliable miles. Keep this guide handy and know what to look out for to keep your transmission running strong.
