Propane is a common fuel used for various applications like grilling, RV appliances, and backup generators. Propane is typically sold in portable canisters that screw onto appliances. This leads many homeowners to wonder if it’s safe to store propane canisters in their garage.
Quick Answers
– Storing small 1 lb propane canisters in your garage is generally safe if done properly. Larger 20 lb tanks are riskier and should be stored outdoors.
– Propane is flammable and heavier than air. Take precautions like avoiding ignition sources, ventilation, and chaining tanks.
– Local fire codes may restrict storage to less than 10 gallons (about 2-3 small canisters) indoors. Always check regulations.
– Outdoor storage in a ventilated shed or cage is safest. Avoid unventilated enclosures like trunks of cars.
Is it Legal to Store Propane in a Garage?
Most local jurisdictions follow NFPA 58 standards which allow for limited indoor propane storage. The exact rules vary by location, but general guidelines include:
– Up to 10 gallons (60 lbs, about 2-3 small canisters) can be stored indoors in residential situations.
– Larger quantities over 10 gallons often require detached outdoor storage like a shed or cage.
– Propane should not be stored in living areas, basements, or pits/depressions where gas can collect.
– Storage in vehicle trunks or passenger areas is prohibited.
So small 1 lb cylinders are generally approved for garage storage by fire code, given proper handling procedures are followed. But the limit is around 10 gallons total, so a few small canisters would be legal, while a single large 20 lb tank may not be. Always check local fire codes for specific indoor propane allowances in your area.
Is it Safe to Store Propane in the Garage?
Assuming indoor storage is legal in your area, safety comes down to proper handling. The main risks of propane are:
– Fire hazard – Propane is extremely flammable. Gas leaks or vapors could ignite from electrical sparks, open flames, or other ignition sources.
– Explosion hazard – Propane is under pressure, creating risk of explosions if tanks are overfilled or damaged.
– Asphyxiation hazard – Propane can displace oxygen if concentrated in an enclosed space.
To store propane cylinders safely in a garage:
– Locate tanks away from heat/flame sources like furnaces, water heaters, or workshops.
– Chain tanks securely to avoid tip-over accidents.
– Ensure adequate garage ventilation with outdoor air exchange.
– Attach “No Smoking” signs around storage areas.
– Never store near vehicle exhaust pipes which can reach over 500°F.
– Limit quantity to 10 gallons or less based on fire codes.
– Inspect for damage, corrosion, leaks before storing. Replace outdated tanks.
– Position tanks to allow leak inspections and emergency access.
With proper precautions, it is generally safe to store limited quantities of small 1 lb propane canisters in a residential garage. But outdoor storage is safest, and required for larger volumes of fuel.
Where is the Safest Place to Store Propane Outside?
For larger propane tanks that cannot be stored indoors safely, outdoor storage is recommended. The best locations are:
– Vented outdoor sheds – Sheds allow protection from the elements, but require ventilation to prevent gas accumulation.
– Chain link cages – Cages also provide security while allowing for airflow.
– On a non-combustible base – Concrete or cinder block bases elevate tanks off grass or soil.
– In shade – Ultraviolet light can damage tanks over time. Shade preserves tanks.
– Away from high traffic areas – Prevent accidental damage from vehicles or activities.
– Away from buildings – Distance from structures limits fire spread. 10-25 feet is ideal.
– Downhill from buildings – Propane vapor sinks and flows downhill, so tanks should be located below homes.
– Anchored securely – Strap large tanks to wall or ground anchors to avoid tip-overs.
Avoid storing propane in any unventilated enclosures like car trunks, cabinets, boxes, etc. Vapors can be trapped and reach explosive concentrations. Always ensure outdoor storage locations are well-ventilated and secured from tampering, damage, or theft.
How Long Can a Filled Propane Tank Last in Storage?
The expected shelf life of propane in a filled tank is:
– 12 years for a traditional steel cylinder
– 15 years for an improved OPD valve cylinder
– Indefinitely for an ASME tank with no expiration date
This longevity is mainly due to the inert properties of propane itself. Since propane does not react readily with other elements, it can be stored safely over longer periods.
However, other factors can degrade tanks and affect shelf life:
– Internal corrosion of untreated steel tanks
– Degradation of rubber hoses, gaskets, valves
– Damage from mishandling, accidents, weather exposure
To maximize storage life:
– Use corrosion-resistant aluminum or stainless steel tanks
– Store propane out of direct sun and moisture when possible
– Position tanks to minimize risk of mechanical damage
– Periodically inspect tanks and valves for damage or leaks
With proper storage methods, most propane tanks can safely maintain fuel quality for well over 10 years. But periodic inspections are still recommended to check system integrity.
What Size Propane Tanks Can You Store in a Garage?
Typical propane tank sizes include:
– 1 lb cylinder – Approx. 17″ tall x 4″ diameter
– 5 lb cylinder – Approx. 12″ tall x 12″ diameter
– 10 lb cylinder – Approx. 18″ tall x 12″ diameter
– 20 lb cylinder – Approx. 24″ tall x 12″ diameter
– 30 lb cylinder – Approx. 32″ tall x 12″ diameter
– 100 lb cylinder – Approx. 43″ tall x 20″ diameter
Based on typical fire code allowances of 10 gallons indoors:
– 1 lb tanks contain around 0.2 gallons of propane – Generally approved for garage storage
– 5 lb tanks contain around 1 gallon
– 2 x 10 lb tanks is the maximum approved indoor capacity
– Larger 20-30 lb tanks commonly exceed the 10 gallon limit
So in most cases, small portable 1 lb cylinders are the only tanks approved for garage or indoor use. Cylinders 5 lbs or larger often exceed code requirements for residential indoor storage. Always verify regulations in your area.
Do Propane Tanks Expire?
Propane tanks expire in two potential ways:
1) Expiration or requalification dates stamped on tank
– DOT cylinders must be retested every 5-12 years
– ASME tanks have no expiration but 12 year recommended requalification
2) Degradation of tank and seals over time
– Steel corrosion, oxidation from long-term use
– Hardening of rubber hoses and gaskets
– Cracking of fiberglass tanks from sun exposure
So while propane itself does not expire, tanks and valves have limited lifespans. Dated tanks should not be refilled after expiration, but can safely maintain existing propane. Undated tanks should be inspected for damage and leaks regularly. Typical tank lifespan is 20-30 years, depending on use and storage conditions.
Can You Leave Full Propane Tanks in a Hot Garage?
It’s generally unsafe to store propane tanks in hot environments like hot garages:
– Fire risk – Heat accelerates evaporation of propane, increasing pressure in the tank. Excess pressure could cause safety releases or catastrophic tank explosions.
– Bleve hazard – “Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion”. If propane reaches boiling point (around -45°F) a violent explosion can occur.
– Thermal expansion – Heat increases gas pressure inside tank. This can damage valves or create leaks.
– Metal fatigue – High temperatures accelerate weakening of metal tank walls and components.
– Plastic degradation – Heat can warp or crack plastic cylinder covers and handles.
For these reasons, never store propane tanks in direct sunlight, enclosed vehicles, or unventilated spaces like hot garages or sheds. Ideal temperature range is 50-80°F. In hot regions, shade and ventilation are essential for safe outdoor storage. Monitor tank temperatures with a thermometer.
How Close Can Propane Tanks Be to a House?
Most fire codes require propane tanks to be located at least 10-25 feet from structures like homes or garages. General spacing guidelines include:
– 10 feet from any building opening like windows or doors
– 5 feet from exterior walls and eaves
– 3 feet from air intakes like HVAC vents
– 25 feet from ignition sources like AC compressors
– 10 feet from property lines and public roads
These distances help prevent ignition of vapors, and reduce damage if tanks rupture or explode. They also allow emergency access around all sides of the tank. Consider increased spacing for larger tank capacities:
– 500 gallon tanks – 25 feet from buildings
– 1,000+ gallon tanks – 50 feet from buildings
Always follow local fire codes for minimum propane tank placement distances. Use longer distances when possible, and ensure adequate ventilation is maintained around outdoor storage areas.
Can a Propane Tank Explode in a Fire?
Yes, excessive heat from fires can definitely cause propane tanks to explode. Certain conditions make explosions more likely:
– BLEVEs – Boiling liquid expanding vapor explosions happen when internal pressure exceeds tank strength.
– Overfilled tanks – More vapor creates higher explosion risk if fire impinges on tank.
– Engulfing fires – Direct flame contact heats tanks rapidly to explosion point.
– Tight enclosures – Enclosed spaces limit fire dissipation and worsen heat damage.
– Cylinders vs ASME tanks – Small portable tanks fail more easily than large ASME-rated tanks.
– Fire duration – The longer the fire burns around tanks, the more potential for dangerous pressure buildup.
In a fire, the best practice is to evacuate immediately and let tanks vent from a safe distance. Cool tanks with water only if it can be done safely. Allow extinguished tanks to cool completely before approaching.
Should Propane Tanks be Stored Upright or Lying Down?
Propane tanks should always be stored upright, with valves at the top. Laying tanks on their side can create several hazards:
– Liquid propane entering lines/appliances – This can cause damage or explosions since most equipment is designed for vapor only.
– Malfunction of OPD safety valves – Lying tanks defeat the pressure-sensitive design of OPD valves.
– Blocked or broken piping/gauges – Internal valves and lines can be damaged by the weight of liquid propane.
– Leakage at seals – Liquid pooling in seals can cause deterioration or leaks.
– Dislodging of debris – Particles, rust, scale inside tank get disturbed and can clog outlets.
– Harder to inspect – Visual inspections for damage or leaks are impaired.
For optimal safety and performance, always situate propane tanks vertically. Never lay tanks down during transport, storage or use. Maintaining upright orientation preserves proper liquid/vapor distribution and functioning of safety mechanisms.
Can You Leave a Propane Tank in a Hot Car?
It is extremely dangerous and unsafe to leave propane tanks in hot, enclosed spaces like cars and trunks. Hazards include:
– Pressure buildup – Heat rapidly increases vapor pressure inside tank, risking leaks or explosions.
– Weakening of tank – High heat can compromise the tank’s structural integrity over time.
– Fire ignition – Flammable vapors exponentially increase with temperature inside enclosed vehicle.
– UV exposure – Sunlight degrades plastic and rubber components faster.
– Car damage – Flammable atmosphere can ignite from sparks of turning engine. Heat can melt interior parts.
– Bleve hazard – Boiling liquid and expanding vapors can erupt tank violently.
– Asphyxiation – Heavy vapors displace oxygen inside car, risking suffocation.
Never leave propane cylinders unattended in vehicles, trunks, or passenger areas. The extreme temperatures and uncontrolled environment make explosion and fire nearly inevitable. Always store propane properly in cool, ventilated approved areas.
Can a Damaged Propane Tank Explode?
Yes, damaged propane tanks absolutely can explode under certain hazardous conditions:
– Punctures – Holes allow rapid propane release, creating a flammable atmosphere.
– Dents and gouges – Deformed walls weaken integrity and rupture more easily.
– Corrosion – Rust and pitting thin the metal over time. Tanks can split.
– Valve damage – Broken valves release propane quickly. Tanks cannot depressurize properly.
– Forklift damage – Being pierced or crushed by machinery can spark explosions.
– Thermal damage – Heat alters tank material structure and strength.
– Improper refilling – Overfilling creates excess pressure and strain.
Damaged tanks become explosion hazards if ignited, especially in confined spaces like garages. Dented, rusted or expired tanks should be removed from service immediately. Handle all tanks with care and inspect regularly for deficiencies.
Should You Cover a Propane Tank Outside?
Outdoor propane tanks do not necessarily need to be covered, but some protection is beneficial:
Benefits of Covering Tanks
– Protects from rainwater accumulation and rust
– Shields valves and fittings from ice, snow and debris
– Prevents UV damage to tank exterior
– Reduces tank temperature fluctuations
– Provides general physical protection
Covering Guidelines
– Use vented enclosures like sheds or cages to avoid gas buildup
– Ensure covers allow complete visibility for leak inspections
– Never wrap tank bodies fully – valves must remain accessible
– Check that covers do not impede ventilation or air circulation
– Avoid locating propane tanks under eaves where gas can collect
In general, partial protective covering of propane tanks is recommended for weatherproofing. But ensure all valves and pipes remain accessible, and consult your propane provider for approved cover options.
Conclusion
Storing limited quantities of small 1 lb propane cylinders in a residential garage is permitted by most fire codes, given tanks are handled safely and properly. This includes keeping away from ignition sources, chaining cylinders, limiting total volume to 10 gallons, and ensuring adequate ventilation.
Larger tanks over 10 lbs often exceed code allowances for indoor use. Outdoor storage in a ventilated shed or cage is recommended for bigger 20 lb tanks and larger. Always keep tanks away from direct sun, moisture, and damage. Never store propane in enclosed vehicle trunks or unventilated enclosures.
With prudent precautions, propane canisters can be stored securely both inside and outside the home. But be sure to verify local regulations, follow manufacturer guidelines, and take measures to isolate tanks from heat, sparks, and tampering. Implementing smart storage and handling practices minimizes the risks of leakage, fires or explosions.