Quick Answer
Celiacs can have cellulose in moderation as long as it is not contaminated with gluten. Pure cellulose is gluten-free. However, cellulose in supplements or processed foods may be derived from wheat and contaminated. Celiacs need to check the source and purity of any cellulose ingredients.
What is Cellulose?
Cellulose is a type of fiber found in plant cell walls. It is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. Cellulose is made up of long chains of glucose molecules. Humans do not have the enzyme to break down cellulose, so it passes through the digestive system intact.
Cellulose gives plants their structure and helps provide bulk and fibrous texture to foods. It promotes regularity and colon health when consumed. Common sources of dietary cellulose include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts, and seeds.
Is Cellulose Gluten-Free?
Pure cellulose is naturally gluten-free. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. It does not occur naturally in plants that are the sources of cellulose. Cellulose is simply fiber composed of glucose polymers.
However, cellulose used in food products or supplements may originate from wheat or other gluten grains. When derived from gluten-containing grains, cellulose has the potential to be contaminated with gluten proteins during processing.
Cellulose in Processed Foods
Cellulose is frequently added to processed foods as a filler, stabilizer, or source of fiber. The most common applications of added cellulose include:
- Shredded cheese – anti-caking agent
- Ice cream – stabilizer
- Processed meat – binder
- Powdered drinks – anticaking agent
- Cereals – texture
- Cake mixes – prevents sticking
In these types of products, the cellulose may come from wheat or wood pulp. Celiacs need to verify the cellulose is from a gluten-free source or contact the manufacturer to determine if dedicated equipment and facilities are used.
Cellulose in Supplements
Cellulose is a common component of supplements sold in capsule form. It is used as the casing that contains the powdered supplement ingredient. While wood pulp cellulose is typically used, some manufacturers may use cellulose derived from wheat.
The safety of cellulose capsules depends on the purity of the cellulose. If thoroughly processed to remove gluten, wheat-derived cellulose can be considered gluten-free. However, celiacs should confirm the source with the manufacturer and request third-party gluten-free certification for any cellulose used in supplements.
Is Cellulose Bad for Celiacs?
Pure cellulose from vegetables, fruits, beans and gluten-free grains is generally safe for celiacs. In fact, getting adequate fiber from these whole food sources may be beneficial. Fiber supports digestive health and stable blood sugar levels.
However, refined cellulose from grains or wood pulp provides little nutritional value. Large amounts of processed cellulose as an additive may interfere with absorption of nutrients. Excessive intake can also cause unpleasant gastrointestinal side effects.
While not definitively harmful, it may be prudent for celiacs to avoid unnecessary refined cellulose ingredients in processed foods when possible. Whole food sources of cellulose provide greater benefits.
The Bottom Line
Celiacs can consume cellulose from produce, nuts, seeds and other gluten-free whole food sources. However, when used as an additive or supplement filler, cellulose risks contamination. Celiacs should verify the material is sourced from dedicated gluten-free facilities and equipment. When in doubt, avoiding processed cellulose supplements and ingredients is the safest approach for celiacs. Focusing on whole foods rich in fiber is a healthier solution.