Quick Answers
Yes, it is possible for a US citizen to become a UK citizen through naturalization. The main requirements are that the person must have lived in the UK for at least 5 years, meet the Good Character requirement, pass a Life in the UK test, and meet English language requirements. Dual citizenship is allowed, so a US citizen does not have to renounce their US citizenship.
Many US citizens consider moving to the UK for work, study, or family reasons. With its rich history and culture, and reputation as a global center of finance, media, and technology, the UK continues to attract Americans who seek new opportunities and experiences abroad. For some US expats in the UK, the goal is not just temporary residency but acquiring UK citizenship. The process of naturalization can take time, often 5 years or longer, but provides the full rights of being a British citizen.
The UK allows dual citizenship, so Americans looking to naturalize as UK citizens are not required to renounce their US citizenship. However, the requirements for naturalization, including residency, language skills, and passing the Life in the UK test are key steps in the process. This article examines the key requirements, costs, and processing times for Americans wishing to become naturalized UK citizens.
Requirements for US Citizens to Become UK Citizens
5 Year Residency Requirement
The main requirement for any foreign national seeking British citizenship is meeting the 5 year residency requirement. This means living legally in the UK for 5 years continuously before applying for naturalization. The 5 year period can include time spent in the UK on a work visa or as a student. Absences from the UK of more than 450 days in the 5 years prior to application may disqualify candidates from meeting residency requirements.
Good Character
Applicants for British citizenship must be of good character. Candidates must declare any prior criminal convictions and be able to pass criminal record checks. Factors considered include criminality, deception in applications, immigration and tax record, and national security concerns.
Life in the UK Test
Candidates must pass the Life in the UK test as part of the naturalization process. The test consists of 24 multiple choice questions based on the Life in the United Kingdom handbook, covering topics such as British traditions, history, politics, and culture. The test costs £50 and candidates have 45 minutes to complete it.
English Language Requirements
Applicants must meet English language requirements by taking an approved test such as the IELTS Life Skills exam or having an English language qualification at B1 CEFR or higher. Those with degrees taught in English may be exempt from taking an English test.
Fees
The fees to apply for British citizenship through naturalization in 2023 are:
- Application fee: £1,330
- Citizenship ceremony fee: £80 (payable if application approved)
The total fees are £1,410 for successful applicants. The fees are usually updated annually in April.
Naturalization Process for US Citizens
The process of applying for British citizenship through naturalization involves several steps and forms for US citizens:
- Determine eligibility – meet requirements such as 5 year residency, good character, and language skills.
- Gather supporting documents – including passport, residence permits, proof of address, tax records.
- Complete the naturalization application form AN and pay fees.
- Attend a Citizenship Ceremony – if approved, attend ceremony and make pledge of allegiance to become a citizen.
The citizenship application form is available online. Applicants are required to book an appointment at a citizenship office to submit biometric data. Processing times can take several months to over a year currently due to high application volumes.
Benefits of UK Citizenship for Americans
There are several benefits that make acquiring British citizenship worthwhile for US citizens living long-term in the UK:
- Right to Live and Work in the UK – As a UK citizen, Americans can live and work in the UK without needing further visas or permits. UK citizenship provides security and stability.
- Access to Public Services and Benefits – Citizens can access government services and benefits such as healthcare through the NHS, education, and pensions.
- Right to Vote – Citizens can vote in all UK elections and stand for public office.
- Freedom to Travel – A British passport allows visa-free travel throughout the EU/EEA and access to quick British citizen lanes when entering the UK.
- Pass Citizenship to Children – Any children born after naturalization automatically receive UK citizenship.
For US citizens planning to reside permanently in Britain, becoming a UK citizen ensures full access to rights and integration in their new home country.
Maintaining US Citizenship
The UK allows dual citizenship, so Americans who naturalize as UK citizens do not have to renounce their US citizenship. They can retain their US passports and the rights and protections that come with it. However, US citizens should be aware of the obligations of being dual citizens:
- Remain tax compliant in the US – file US tax returns and FBAR financial reporting.
- Use US passport to enter/exit the US.
- Inform the US of any name changes or new citizenships acquired.
- Comply with the laws of both countries.
Dual nationals should avoid activities that would cause conflicts of allegiance or interest between the two countries. Overall, dual citizenship expands opportunities for Americans in the UK while retaining their US passport protections.
UK Citizenship by Descent
In some cases, Americans may already hold a claim to UK citizenship through their ancestry. The UK citizenship by descent rules allow certain children or even grandchildren of British citizens to register for UK citizenship.
To be eligible, a parent or grandparent born in the UK must have been a British citizen when the next generation was born. Additional requirements include proof of ancestry such as birth certificates going back to the UK-born ancestor. Registration for UK citizenship by descent typically costs £1,206.
Americans with British parents or grandparents born in the UK should research if they have a valid claim. UK citizenship by descent grants British citizenship immediately without the long naturalization process.
Conclusion
Americans looking to make their long-term home in the UK can work towards eventually becoming British citizens. Naturalization as a UK citizen requires meeting residency, English, and Good Character requirements. But it provides full access rights to live, work, vote, and receive government benefits in Britain. Dual US-UK citizenship is permitted, so Americans do not have to give up their US passport.
For many Americans, the ability to acquire British citizenship offers the best of both worlds – retaining their American identity while integrating fully into British life. With advance planning and effort, expat Americans can check the box on becoming proud British citizens.